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A racial hoax is a hoax that occurs "when someone fabricates a crime and blames it on another person because of (or her ) race or when an actual crime has been committed and the perpetrator falsely blames someone because of (or her ) race".〔Russell-Brown, p. 70.〕 The term was popularised by Katheryn Russell-Brown in her book ''The Color of Crime: Racial Hoaxes, White Fear, Black Protectionism, Police Harassment and Other Macroaggressions'' (1998). A racial hoax can be performed by a person of any race, against a person of any race. According to Russell-Brown racial hoaxes against African Americans are most likely to receive media attention and create a more acute social problem due to the criminal black man stereotype.〔 == Concept == Patricia L. Brougham argued that the common stereotype of criminal black men has enabled the use of racial hoaxes against this group. Brougham writes that these stereotypes cause law enforcement agencies to believe that a black perpetrator exists when in reality the allegation is false.〔Greene, Helen Taylor; Gabbidon, Shaun L. (2009). (''Encyclopedia of Race and Crime'' ) (volume 1). SAGE Publications. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-4129-5085-5〕 Russell-Brown argues that racial hoaxes are devised, perpetrated, and successful because they take advantage of fears and stereotypes.〔 According to her, white-on-black hoaxes are the most likely to receive media attention and to cause social and economics problems.〔 She argues that anyone performing a racial hoax should face criminal charges, particularly if a black person is targeted,〔Russell-Brown, pp. 70–71.〕 and that hoaxes targeting black people create more severe problems than those against other racial groups.〔Russell-Brown, p. 71.〕 Letha A. See in ''Violence as Seen Through a Prism of Color'' (2001) sees the hoax as a unique method used against specific racial groups, rather than against individuals.〔See, p. 13.〕 Sally S. Simpson and Robert Agnew suggests that the unusual nature of some racial hoaxes can cause them to be dismissed.〔Simpson and Agnew, p. 56.〕 Between 1987 and 1996 in the United States, Russell-Brown documented 67 racial hoax cases, and notes the following: 70 percent were white-on-black hoaxes; more than half were exposed within a week; hoaxes are most frequently used to allege assault, rape, or murder; hoax perpetrators were charged with filing a false report in about 45 percent of cases.〔Russell-Brown, pp. 71–76.〕 These cases represent only a fraction of the total number of cases because racial hoaxes are not reported as such and most crimes are not covered in the media.〔 According to her, a high proportion of the white-on-black cases were performed by police and judicial officers; she documents seven such cases.〔Russell-Brown, pp. 77–78.〕 Historically the most common type of hoax performed against black males was rape. Because of fears over the 'black rapist', Russell-Brown suggests "it is not surprising that so many White women have created Black male rapists as their fictional criminals".〔Russell-Brown, p. 79.〕 In the United States there has been little legal response to racial hoaxes.〔Simpson and Agnew, p. 5.〕 Russel-Brown wrote that (at the time of the book written) only New Jersey considered legislation to criminalize racial hoaxes.〔Russell-Brown, p. 70.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Racial hoax」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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